Home BMW Repair BMW 3 Series (E30): 1984-90 Manual

BMW 3 Series (E30) Service Manual: 1984-1990

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Subjects are indexed by section number, followed by the page number(s) within the section where the subject can be found. For example 1:4 refers to section 1 FUNDAMENTALS, page 4. Sections are as follows:

1 FUNDAMENTALS
2 LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE
3 ENGINE MANAGEMENT-DRIVEABILITY
4 ENGINE
5 IGNITION
6 FUEL SYSTEM
7 COOLING SYSTEM
8 EXHAUST SYSTEM AND EMISSION

9 MANUAL TRANSMISSION AND CLUTCH
10 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
11 DRIVESHAFT AND FINAL DRIVE
12 BRAKES
13 SUSPENSION AND STEERING
14 BODY AND INTERIOR
15 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

WARNING ?

  • Automotive service and repair is serious business. You must be alert, use common sense, and exercise good judgement to prevent personal injury and complete the work safely.
  • Before beginning any work on your vehicle, thoroughly read all the Cautions and Warnings listed near the front of this manual.
  • Always read the complete procedure before you begin the work. Pay special attention to any Cautions and Warnings that accompany that procedure, or other information on a specific topic.

    A

    ABS
    See Anti-lock brake system

    Accelerator and throttle linkage 2:17

    Accelerator cable 6:16
    See also Automatic transmission

    Active check control 15:50

    Advice for the beginner 1:14

    Air conditioning 14:42, 15:43
    control switch assembly 14:15
    general description 14:4
    inspections and test 14:43
    refrigerant charge checking 14:43
    safety features 14:43
    specifications 14:43
    system description 14:42

    Air filter 2:13
    general description 6:4

    Air flow measurement 3:8

    Air flow sensor
    See L-Jetronic fuel injection or Motronic engine management system

    Airbag
    See Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)

    Alignment
    See Wheels

    Alternator
    fundamentals 1:10
    noisy 15:18
    removing and installing 15:19
    testing 15:17

    Antenna 14:8

    Anti-freeze
    See Coolant

    Anti-lock brake system
    fundamentals 1:10
    general description 12:5
    inspecting system 12:16
    warning indicator 1:28

    ATF
    See Automatic transmission fluid

    Automatic transmission 10:5
    accelerator cable and kickdown adjusting 10:14
    adjustments, external 10:14
    assembly 10:15
    controls 10:12
    diagnostic tests 10:10
    pressure tests 10:10
    stall speed test 10:10
    electronic controls 10:6
    general description 10:4
    hydraulic controls 10:5
    identification codes and specifications 10:6
    maintenance 10:7
    planetary gear system 10:5
    removing and installing 10:15
    seals 10:18
    manual valve seal 10:19
    output shaft seal 10:19
    selector lever and linkage
    adjusting linkage 10:14
    removing and installing 10:12
    service 2:25
    technical data 10:20
    troubleshooting 10:7

    Automatic transmission fluid checking and filling 2:25
    cooler 10:6
    draining and replacing 2:26
    pump 10:5
    strainer
    cleaning 2:26

    B

    Back-up lights 15:36

    Battery 2:16,15:13
    See also Electrical System
    charging 2:16,15:15
    checking and cleaning 2:16
    fundamentals 1:10
    general description 15:4
    replacing 2:16
    testing 15:14
    hydrometer testing 15:14
    load voltage testing 15:15
    open-circuit voltage testing 15:15
    troubleshooting 15:10
    voltage 3:10

    Body
    cleaning and preserving 2:4, 29
    fundamentals 1:4
    general description 14:4
    maintenance 2:28,14:4

    Body, exterior 14:28
    trim 14:32
    removing and installing 14:32

    Body, exterior finish
    care of 2:29
    polishing 2:29
    special cleaning 2:29
    washing 2:29
    waxing 2:29

    Body, interior 14:5
    care of 2:29
    general description 14:4

    Body and interior maintenance 2:28

    Bolt torque fundamentals 1:14

    Bolts, tightening fundamentals 1:14

    Brake fluid 2:11, 12:8
    checking level 2:22
    flushing the brake system 12:10
    replacing 2:23, 12:10
    warning light 1:28

    Brake light switch 12:13

    Brake lights 15:36

    Brake lines
    general description 12:4
    replacing 12:14

    Brake pedal freeplay 12:13

    Brake pressure regulator 12:14
    pressure testing 12:14
    replacing 12:10

    Brakes 2:24
    anti-lock brake system (ABS)
    See Anti-lock brake system
    diagnostic checks 12:6
    fundamentals 1:19
    hoses and lines inspecting 2:22
    maintenance 12:5
    master cylinder
    general description 12:4
    removing and installing 12:11
    noise 12:6
    pad warning system 12:14
    parking brake
    See Parking brake
    pedal adjustments 12:13
    service 12:18
    technical data 12:25
    tightening torques 12:35
    troubleshooting 12:5
    vacuum booster 12:4
    general description 12:4
    removing and installing 12:12

    Brakes, bleeding 12:8
    manual bleeding 12:9
    pressure bleeding 12:9
    vacuum bleeding 12:9

    Brakes, disc
    See Disc brakes, front and rear

    Brakes, rear drum
    See Drum brakes, rear

    Bumpers 14:32
    emoving and installing 14:34

    C

    Camber correction
    See Wheels

    Camshaft
    oil seal 4:24
    removing and installing 4:22

    Camshaft drive belt
    6-cyl. engines 4:13
    tensioner pulley replacing 4:16

    Camshaft timing chain
    4-cyl. engines 4:16
    valve adjustment 4:21

    Carbon deposits
    See Engine troubleshooting

    Catalytic converter
    checking 8:10
    general description 8:4
    removing and installing 8:10

    Cautions ix
    about 1:12

    Central locking system 14:27,15:56
    locking drives, removing, installing, and adjusting 14:27

    Charcoal canister bypass valve
    testing 6:16

    Charging system 15:16
    current drain testing 15:18
    general description 15:4
    in-car testing of 15:16
    troubleshooting 15:10,16

    Chassis, washing 2:29
    routine maintenance 2:4

    Check engine warning light 6:36

    Clutch 9:12
    fundamentals 1:7
    general description 9:4
    pedal adjustment 9:15
    pressure plate 9:12
    release system 9:13
    removing and installing 9:17

    Clutch disc wear
    checking 2:24

    Clutch hydraulic system
    bleeding 9:13

    Clutch master cylinder and slave cylinder 9:13
    removing and installing 9:14
    slave cylinder pushrod travel
    checking 9:13

    Coil and spark plug wires
    testing 5:8

    Cold start valve
    See L-Jetronic fuel injection or
    Motronic engine management system

    Compression test 4:8
    wet compression test 4:10

    Connecting rods and pistons 4:53
    general description 4:4

    Constant velocity (CV) joints
    See Suspension, rear

    Continuity test 15:6

    Convertible top 14:39
    frame adjustments 14:39

    Coolant
    checking level 2:18
    draining and filling 7:8
    specifications 2:18

    Coolant pump 7:12
    general description 7:4
    inspecting and replacing 7:12
    primary fan clutch
    inspecting and replacing 7:14

    Coolant temperature sensor 6:26, 42

    Coolant temperature switch
    L-Jetronic fuel injection system 6:26
    Motronic engine management system 6:42

    Coolant temperature switch/sender 5:20

    Cooling system
    capacities 7:9
    diagnostic tests 7:6
    fundamentals 1:6
    general description 7:4
    hoses 7:8
    inspecting 2:19
    maintenance 7:5
    pressure testing 7:6
    service 7:8
    technical data 7:20
    temperature gauge and sending unit
    quick-check 7:7
    troubleshooting 7:5

    Crankshaft 4:56
    axial play 4:56

    Crankshaft and bearings
    general description 4:4

    Cruise control 15:60

    CV (constant velocity) joints
    See Suspension, rear

    Cylinder block
    disassembly, assembly, and reconditioning 4:53
    oil seals 4:50
    front cylinder block oil seals, replacing 4:50
    rear crankshaft oil seal, replacing 4:52

    Cylinder block and pistons 4:50

    Cylinder head 4:11, 37
    cover and gasket 4:11
    disassembly, assembly, and reconditioning 4:37
    general description 4:4
    removing and installing 4:29
    rocker shafts and rocker arms inspecting 4:25
    removing and installing 4:24

    Cylinders 4:55
    end play 4:56

    D

    Defogger
    rear window 15:45

    Disc brakes
    general description 12:5

    Disc brakes, front 12:5, 16
    calipers 12:21
    pad wear, checking 12:18
    pads, removing and installing 12:18
    reconditioning 12:18
    rotors, removing, reconditioning, and installing 12:20
    warning system 12:14

    Disc brakes, rear 12:28
    calipers 12:34
    lining wear, checking (318i models) 2:33
    pad wear, checking 12:28
    pads, removing and installing 12:29
    parking brake 12:32
    adjusting 12:32
    actuator, replacing 12:33
    cable, replacing 12:33
    shoes, replacing 12:33
    reconditioning 12:28
    rotors, removing, reconditioning, and installing 12:31

    Distributor
    See Transistorized coil ignition
    (TCI-I) system and Motronic (DME) ignition system

    Distributor cap 2:14
    and rotor, testing 5:9

    Door handles 14:25

    Door locks 14:25
    central locking system
    See Central locking system

    Doors 14:19
    adjusting 14:19
    assembly 14:21
    removing and installing 14:19

    Drive axle joint boots 2:28

    Drive axles
    fundamentals 1:8

    Drive axles, rear maintenance 2:27

    Driveshaft 11:4
    aligning 11:8
    applications-identifying features 11:5
    center bearing
    replacing 11:13
    flexible coupling
    replacing 11:12
    front centering guide replacing 11:14
    fundamentals 1:8
    general description 11:4
    maintenance 11:5
    noise and vibration 11:7
    removing and installing 11:9
    technical data 11:18
    troubleshooting 11:5

    Drivetrain
    fundamentals 1:7
    routine maintenance 2:4

    Drum brakes, rear
    general description 12:5
    lining wear, checking 12:23
    parking brake 12:27
    adjusting 12:27
    cable, replacing 12:27
    reconditioning 12:23, 26
    shoes removing and installing 12:24
    wheel cylinder inspecting and replacing 12:26

    E

    Electrical system
    battery voltage 3:10
    component locations 15:61
    fundamentals 1:10
    ground connections 3:10
    maintenance 15:5
    on-board computer 15:48
    troubleshooting 3:10,15:5
    wiring and harness connectors 3:10

    Electrical testing fundamentals 1:15

    Emergencies 1:26
    car will not start 1:26

    Emergency flashers 15:34

    Emission controls
    general description 8:4
    maintenance 8:4
    troubleshooting 8:5

    Engine
    fundamentals 1:4
    general description 4:4
    maintenance 4:4
    removing and installing 4:42
    4-cyl. 4:42
    6-cyl. 4:46
    specifications 4:4
    technical data 4:64
    valves
    See Valves

    Engine compartment maintenance 2:4,16

    Engine components 4:4

    Engine diagnostic testing 4:8
    leak-down test 4:10
    vacuum gauge test 4:10

    Engine management-driveability
    fundamentals 1:11

    Engine oil 2:10

    Engine systems fundamentals 1:5

    Engine troubleshooting 3:7, 4:5
    carbon deposits 3:7
    excessive oil consumption 4:7
    fluid leaks 4:6
    mechanical condition
    assessing 3:7
    noise 4:6
    not running 4:7
    poor fuel consumption and low power 4:7
    smoking 4:6
    valve adjustment 3:8

    Evaporative emission controls 6:15

    Exhaust system
    fundamentals 1:6
    general description 8:4
    lubrication and maintenance 2:23
    maintenance 8:4
    removing and installing 8:9
    technical data 8:13
    troubleshooting 8:5

    F

    Feeler gauges 1:23

    Fenders
    removing and installing 14:32

    Final drive 11:4
    applications-identifying features 11:5
    fundamentals 1:8
    gear oil 2:11
    general description 11:4
    limited slip differential 11:4
    lubricant
    checking and filling 2:28
    maintenance 2:27, 11:5
    oil seals
    replacing 11:17
    removing and installing 11:14
    rubber mounting bushing
    replacing 11:16
    technical data 11:18
    troubleshooting 11:15

    Final drive and rear drive axles 2:27

    Firing order 2:15

    Float 4:56

    Fluid specifications 2:9

    Flywheel and drive plate 4:58

    Fog lights 14:31

    Fresh air blower 14:14,15:43

    Front suspension
    See Suspension, front

    Fuel delivery rate 3:13

    Fuel filter, main 2:15

    Fuel injection
    See L-Jetronic fuel injection

    Fuel injectors 6:18
    clogged 2:11, 6:19
    removing and installing 6:20
    testing 6:19

    Fuel lines 2:28

    Fuel pressure, L-Jetronic
    pressure regulator 6:34
    system pressure and residual pressure 6:33
    tests and specifications 6:33

    Fuel pressure, Motronic
    pressure regulator 6:52
    system pressure and residual pressure 6:50
    tests and specifications 6:59

    Fuel pressure regulator
    general description 6:15
    replacing
    L-Jetronic 6:35
    Motronic 6:56
    testing
    L-Jetronic 6:34
    Motronic 6:55

    Fuel pump
    delivery tests 6:10
    electrical tests 6:10
    fuses and relays 6:6
    general description 6:4, 9
    operating fuel pumps for tests 6:6
    replacing 6:13

    Fuel storage 6:4
    maintenance 2:28

    Fuel supply 6:6
    troubleshooting 3:13

    Fuel system
    applications-identifying features 6:4
    fundamentals 1:5
    general description 6:4
    maintenance 6:5
    troubleshooting 3:13, 6:5

    Fuel tank
    See Fuel storage

    Fuse/relay panel 15:64

    Fuses 15:65
    general description 15:4

    G

    Gaskets
    fundamentals 1:14

    Gasoline additive 2:11

    Gauges
    troubleshooting 15:23

    Greases 2:11

    Grille, front
    removing and installing 14:32

    Ground
    connections 3:10
    locations 15:61
    testing for 1:16, 15:6

    H

    Harness connector
    locations 15:61

    Headlight
    dimmer switch 15:42

    Headlights 14:28,15:6
    aiming 14:29

    Heater and controls 14:11
    control cables
    replacing and adjusting 14:13

    Heater core and heater valve 14:11

    Heating 15:43
    general description 14:4,15:4

    Hood and hood lock 14:34

    Horns 15:30
    troubleshooting 15:31
    relay, testing 15:31

    How to use this manual 1:11
    cleanliness 1:14
    fundamentals 1:11
    general advice for the beginner 1:14
    getting started 1:12
    index 1:11
    notes, cautions, and warnings 1:12
    planning ahead 1:14
    repair sections 1:11

    I

    Idle air stabilizer valve
    See L-Jetronic fuel injection or
    Motronic engine management system

    Idle and full throttle switch
    L-Jetronic fuel injection system 6:30
    Motronic engine management system 6:36

    Idle speed 2:15
    troubleshooting 3:16
    basics 3:16
    cold idle 3:17
    idle at operating temperature 3:18
    warm-up idle 3:18

    Idle speed stabilization relay 6:32

    Ignition switch/steering lock
    replacing 13:41

    Ignition system
    See also Transistorized coil ignition
    (TCI-i) system and Motronic (DME) ignition system
    general description 5:4, 15:4
    inspection, visual 5:7
    maintenance 5:4
    quick-check 5:6
    test equipment 5:6
    troubleshooting 5:4

    Ignition timing
    See Transistorized coil ignition (TCI-i) system and Motronic (DME) ignition system

    Injectors
    See Fuel injectors

    Inspection 2:8

    Instrument cluster 14:5
    general description 14:4
    removing and installing 14:5
    indicator bulbs
    testing and replacing 14:24
    troubleshooting 15:23
    voltage and ground testing 15:23

    Instrument panel 14:5
    general description 14:4
    removing and installing 14:8
    trim, removing and installing 14:5

    Instruments
    general description 15:5
    removing and installing 15:25

    Intake air temperature sensor 5:20

    Interior maintenance 2:28

    Intermediate shaft
    general description 4:4

    J

    Jack stands 1:22

    Jump-starting 1:26

    Jumper wires 1:24

    L

    L-Jetronic fuel injection
    air flow measurement 6:21
    air flow sensor 6:22
    cold start and cold running
    enrichment 6:24
    cold-start valve 6:24
    coolant temperature sensor 6:26
    coolant temperature switch 6:26
    electrical tests 6:30
    general description 3:4.6:4
    idle air stabilizer valve 6:27
    idle and full throttle switch 6:29
    idle specifications (rpm and % CO) 6:34
    idle speed 6:26
    idle speed control 6:27
    idle speed stabilization relay (late 1985 318i models) 6:32
    technical data 6:58
    throttle basic adjustment 6:23
    throttle housing
    removing and installing

    LED test light
    making 1:17

    License plate lights 15:36

    Lifting the car 1:13

    Lights
    general description 15:4
    dim 1:28
    exterior 15:31
    troubleshooting 15:31
    interior 14:10

    Lubricant specifications 2:4

    Lubrication and maintenance fundamentals 1:11
    general description 2:4

    Lubrication system 4:59
    fundamentals 1:6
    general description 4:4

    M

    Maintenance
    fundamentals 1:11
    routine 2:4
    tables 2:4
    under-car 2:20

    Manual transmission 9:3
    clutch See Clutch
    components 9:39
    case bushings and bearings 9:40
    gears and synchronizer rings 9:39
    shafts 9:40
    shift forks and rods 9:40
    diagnostic tests 9:7
    gear oil 2:10
    gear train
    disassembling and assembling 9:31
    removing and installing 9:21
    general description 9:4
    identification codes and specifications 9:4
    maintenance 9:5
    oil
    checking and filling 2:24
    oil seals 9:37
    removing and installing 9:20
    service 2:24
    specifications 9:4
    technical data 9:41
    troubleshooting 9:5

    Master cylinder
    See Brakes or Clutch

    Micrometers 1:23

    Mirrors
    outside power 15:55
    side 14:28

    Motronic (DME) ignition system 5:21
    distributor 5:24
    distributor cap
    removing and installing 5:24
    firing order 5:25
    general description 5:4
    ignition timing 5:21
    pulse sensor, testing (325i, 325is and 1988 through 1990 325 models) 5:23
    reference sensor 5:21
    testing (1984 through 1987 325e(es) models only) 5:22
    rotor
    removing and installing 5:24
    spark plug wires
    removing and installing 5:24
    speed sensor 5:21
    testing (1984 through 1987 325e(es) models only) 5:22
    technical data 5:25

    Motronic engine management
    system 6:36
    air flow measurement 6:37
    air flow sensor 6:38
    cold start and cold running enrichment 6:40
    cold start valve (1984 through 1987 325 and 325e models only) 6:40
    coolant temperature sensor 6:42
    coolant temperature switch (1984 through 1987 325, 325e, 325es models only) 6:42
    electrical tests 6:47
    general description 3:5, 6:4
    idle air stabilizer valve 6:43
    idle and full throttle switch 6:46
    idle specifications (rpm and % CO) 6:52
    idle speed 6:42
    idle speed control 6:46
    main relay testing 6:50
    on-board diagnostics (325i models only) 6:36
    technical data 6:54
    throttle basic adjustment 6:38
    throttle housing
    removing and installing 6:39

    Motronic 1.1 engine
    management system general description 3:5

    O

    Oil change 2:4
    equipment 1:22

    Oil cooler
    replacing 4:63

    Oil, engine
    changing 2:12
    specifications 2:9

    Oil filter
    changing 2:12

    Oil level sensor (6-cyl. engines)
    testing 4:61

    Oil, manual transmission
    checking and filling 2:24
    specifications 2:9, 10

    Oil pan 4:61

    Oil pressure and oil level
    warning systems 4:59
    testing 4:60

    Oil pressure warning light 1:28

    Oil pump 4:63
    removing and installing
    4-cyl. engines 4:63
    6-cyl. engines 4:63

    Oil service 2:8

    On-board computer 15:48

    Overheating 1:28

    Oxygen sensor 2:19 about 3:9
    replacing 2:20, 8:13

    Oxygen sensor system checking 8:13
    general description 8:4
    testing 8:11

    Oxygen sensor warning light (1984 318i models only) removing 2:20

    P

    Parking brake, drum brakes adjusting 12:27
    cable, replacing 12:27
    general description 12:5
    maintenance 2:23

    Parking brake, disc brakes actuator, replacing 12:33
    adjusting 12:32
    cable, replacing 12:33
    shoes, replacing 12:33

    Parking lights 15:36

    Parts
    buying 1:17
    genuine BMW parts 1:17
    information you need to know 1:18
    non-returnable parts 1:18
    spare parts kit 1:29

    Piston pin 4:53

    Piston rings 4:56

    Power antenna and mast 14:9

    Power steering 2:19
    fluid 2:11
    pressure system 13:45
    filling and bleeding 13:45
    power steering pump 13:46
    pressure testing 13:45

    Power sunroof 15:47

    Power windows 15:52

    Pulse sensor 5:21

    Push starting 1:26

    R

    Radiator 7:18
    flushing 7:20
    general description 7:4
    removing and installing 7:18

    Radiator cooling fan
    auxiliary 7:15
    removing and installing 7:17
    general description 7:4
    testing 7:15

    Radiator thermo-switch testing 7:15

    Radio 14:8

    Rear crankshaft oil seal 4:52

    Rear drum brake
    See Drum brakes, rear

    Reference sensor 15:21

    Refrigerant charge
    See Air conditioning

    Relays 15:64
    general description 15:4

    Rocker arm shafts and rocker arms
    inspecting 4:25
    removing and installing 4:24

    Rotor 2:14
    See also Transistorized coil ignition (TCI-I) system and Motronic (DME) ignition system
    testing 5:9

    S

    Safety fundamentals 1:12

    Seals
    fundamentals 1:15

    Seat belts 2:29, 14:16
    general description 14:4
    inspecting 14:16
    installing or replacing 14:16

    Seats
    front 14:18
    general description 14:4
    rear 14:18

    Selector lever and linkage
    See Automatic transmission

    Service indicator 2:4, 15:25
    resetting 2:5

    Service indicator intervals routine maintenance 2:6

    Side market lights 14:31, 15:36

    Shift lever
    manual trans. 9:8

    Shift mechanism
    manual trans. 9:8
    disassembling and assembling 9:9

    Shock absorbers
    see Suspension, front and rear

    Short circuit test 15:7

    Solenoid switch
    removing and installing 15:23

    Spark plug wires 2:14
    testing 5:8

    Spark plugs 2:14
    firing order 2:15

    Speed sensor 5:21

    Splice
    locations 15:61

    SRS (Supplemental Restraint System)
    See Supplemental Restraint System

    Stabilizer bar, front
    See Suspension, front

    Starter
    general description 15:4
    removing and installing 15:22
    solenoid switch
    removing and installing 15:23
    troubleshooting 15:10

    Starting system 15:20
    troubleshooting 15:20

    Steering 13:38
    diagnostic inspection and testing 13:8
    fundamentals 1:8
    general description 13:5
    maintenance 13:6
    technical data 13:47
    troubleshooting 13:6

    Steering column 13:39
    ignition switch/steering lock
    replacing 13:41
    switches 13:40,15:41

    Steering gear and tie rods 13:42
    steering gear
    removing and installing 13:44
    tie rod ball joints
    inspecting 13:43
    tie rods
    replacing and adjusting 13:43

    Steering, power
    see Power steering

    Steering wheel
    removing and installing 13:39

    Struts
    See Suspension, front

    Sunroof 14:37
    adjusting fit 14:38
    panel
    removing and installing 14:37

    Supplemental restraint system 13:38

    Suspension
    See also Suspension, front and Suspension, rear
    diagnostic inspection and testing 13:8
    fundamentals 1:8
    maintenance 13:6
    technical data 13:47
    troubleshooting 13:6

    Suspension, front
    control arms 13:22
    inspecting mounts 13:22
    removing and installing 13:23
    general description 13:4
    maintenance 2:27
    ride height
    checking and correcting 13:20
    rubber bushing
    replacing 13:25
    shock absorbers
    cartridges, replacing 13:19
    checking 13:16
    stabilizer bar 13:27
    strut bearing (upper mount) 13:18
    struts 13:15
    removing and installing 13:16
    wheel bearings 13:25

    Suspension, rear
    coil springs
    removing and installing 13:30
    constant velocity (CV) joint, inner 13:31
    inspecting CV joints 13:34
    removing and installing 13:33
    protective boots
    removing and installing 13:33
    constant velocity (CV) joint, outer 13:31
    removing and installing 13:32
    drive axles
    removing and installing 13:32
    drive axles and constant velocity (CV) joints 13:31
    general description 13:5
    shock absorbers
    removing and installing 13:28
    trailing arms 13:34
    bushings, removing and installing 13:35
    wheel bearings 13:37

    T

    Tachometer 1:23

    Taillights 15:36
    assembly 14:30

    Test light 1:24

    Thermostat 7:10
    general description 7:4
    removing and installing 7:10
    testing 7:11

    Thrust 4:56

    Thrust bearing 4:56

    Tie rods
    See Steering gear and tie rods

    Timing light 1:23

    Tires 13:10
    changing 1:26
    inflation pressure 2:20
    maintenance 2:20
    rotation 2:20
    wear 13:8
    winter tires 13:10

    Toe adjustment
    see Wheels

    Tools 1:20
    basic tool requirements 1:21
    BMW special tools 1:24

    Torque converter 10:5
    fundamentals 1:7
    lockup torque converter 10:5
    seal 10:18

    Torque wrench 1:22

    Towing 1:28

    Trailing arms
    see Suspension, rear

    Transfer pump
    general description 6:4, 7
    replacing 6:9
    testing 6:7

    Transistorized coil ignition
    (TCI-i) system 5:10
    centrifugal and vacuum
    spark advance 5:19
    centrifugal ignition timing advance
    checking 5:19
    control unit and impulse generator, testing 5:12
    replacing 5:13
    voltage supply and ground to 5:12
    distributor 5:13
    disassembling and assembling 5:16
    removing and installing 5:15
    distributor cap
    removing and installing 5:14
    firing order 5:15
    general description 5:4
    ignition control unit and
    impulse generator, testing 5:12
    ignition timing 5:17
    impulse generator signal 5:12
    rotor
    removing and installing 5:14
    spark plug wires
    removing and installing 5:14
    technical data 5:25
    vacuum ignition timing advance
    checking 5:20

    Transmission
    fundamentals 1:7
    See also Automatic transmission and Manual transmission

    Trim, interior 14:21

    Troubleshooting
    See also individual systems
    cold running and warm-up 3:15
    fundamentals 1:23
    driveability 1:25
    driving 1:25
    starting 1:25
    normal warm running 3:19
    acceleration poor 3:19
    exhaust emissions high 3:20
    fuel economy poor 3:20
    rough running/misfiring 3:19
    starting problems 3:13
    hard to start
    cold 3:13
    warm 3:14
    no start 3:13
    starts but will not keep running 3:14

    Trunk lid and trunk lock 14:36

    Tune-up 2:4, 13
    and preventive maintenance 3:7

    Turn signal switch 15:42

    Turn signals 15:34
    front 14:31

    U

    Universal joints 11:7, 8

    Upholstery and trim
    leather 2:29
    vinyl and cloth 2:29

    V

    V-belts 2:17
    inspecting and adjusting 2:17
    replacing 2:18

    Vacuum advance system 5:20

    Vacuum leaks 3:8

    Valve guides 4:38

    Valve seats 4:39

    Valve stem oil seals 4:28

    Valve train
    general description 4:4

    Valves 4:41
    adjustment 2:15, 3:8, 4:2
    testing for leakage 4:41

    Vehicle identification number
    See VIN

    Ventilation 15:43
    general description 14:4, 15:4

    Vibration 13:9

    VIN 1:16

    Volt-ohm meter (VOM) or multimeter 1:24

    Voltage
    testing for 15:6

    Voltage and polarity
    general description 15:4

    Voltage drop test 15:8

    Voltage regulator
    brushes and regulator 15:19
    removing and installing 15:19
    testing 15:17

    W

    Warnings
    about 1:12

    Water pump 1:6
    See also Coolant pump

    Wheel bearings
    See Suspension, front and rear

    Wheels
    alignment 2:20, 13:10
    four-wheel alignment 13:11
    specifications 13:14
    camber correction
    front wheel 13:12
    general description 13:9
    runout 13:10
    toe
    front wheel adjustment 13:12
    rear wheel correction 13:13

    Window adjustments 14:40

    Window regulator 14:22

    Windows 14:24

    Windshield wipers and washers 15:26
    general description 15:5
    motor
    removing and installing 15:29
    testing 15:26
    motor and linkage 15:29
    switch, testing 15:28
    system
    troubleshooting 15:26
    wiper control unit 15:28

    Windshield wiper blades 2:28

    Wire repairs
    fundamentals 1:15

    Wiring
    general description 15:4

    Wiring diagrams
    how to use 15:10
    symbols 15:10
    terminal and circuit identification 15:10

    Wiring harness and circuits
    fundamentals 1:10

    Wiring harness connectors
    disconnecting 1:17, 3:10

    Wheel bearings
    See Suspension, front or Suspension, rear